Detailed Technical Report
Title: Technical Vulnerability Assessment Report for Artemis
Prepared By: Daniel Song
Prepared For: Artemis
Date of Submission: 5/10/23
B. Table of Contents:
I. Scope of Work
II. Project Objectives
III. Assumptions
IV. Timeline
V. Summary of Findings
VI. Recommendations
C. Scope of Work:
The technical vulnerability assessment will be conducted by a team of highly skilled professionals with extensive experience in the field of cybersecurity. The team will follow a comprehensive approach to assess the organization's technical infrastructure. The following activities will be included in the scope of work:
Network Security Assessment
The team will conduct a thorough assessment of the organization's network security to identify any vulnerabilities and threats. The assessment will include an evaluation of the network architecture, firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems, and access controls. The team will also conduct penetration testing to identify any potential security breaches.
Software and Hardware System Assessment
The team will evaluate the software and hardware systems in use in the organization to identify any vulnerabilities and threats. The assessment will include an evaluation of the operating systems, applications, and databases in use. The team will also assess the physical security of the hardware systems to identify any potential security breaches.
Employee Training Program Assessment
The team will assess the effectiveness of the organization's employee training programs in promoting a culture of security awareness. The assessment will include an evaluation of the training materials, delivery methods, and employee feedback. The team will also conduct phishing exercises to test the effectiveness of the training program.
D. Project Objectives:
The objective of this technical vulnerability assessment is to evaluate the technical infrastructure of Artemis and identify any vulnerabilities and threats that may impact the organization's data, operations, and financial stability. The assessment will be conducted by a team of cybersecurity professionals with extensive experience in the field. The purpose of this scope of work paper is to outline the main objectives of the technical vulnerability assessment.
Objective 1: Identify all vulnerabilities in Artemis' technical infrastructure and provide remediation recommendations.
The primary objective of this technical vulnerability assessment is to identify all vulnerabilities in Artemis' technical infrastructure. This includes an assessment of the network security, software and hardware systems, and employee training programs. The team will conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the infrastructure to identify any vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers. This will include a review of the organization's network architecture, firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems, and access controls. The team will also assess the operating systems, applications, and databases in use, as well as the physical security of the hardware systems.
Once vulnerabilities have been identified, the team will provide remediation recommendations. These recommendations will be specific, actionable, and prioritized based on the severity of the vulnerability. The recommendations will aim to mitigate identified risks and improve the security of Artemis' technical infrastructure.
Objective 2: Analyze the current threat environment to determine the likelihood and potential impact of various threats.
In addition to identifying vulnerabilities, the team will analyze the current threat environment to determine the likelihood and potential impact of various threats. This includes an assessment of external threats such as malware, phishing, and denial-of-service attacks, as well as internal threats such as employee negligence or malicious intent.
The team will gather intelligence on the latest threats and trends in the industry to develop a comprehensive understanding of the current threat landscape. This information will be used to inform the assessment and prioritize identified vulnerabilities and risks.
Objective 3: Develop recommendations to mitigate identified risks and ensure the long-term security and success of the organization.
The final objective of this technical vulnerability assessment is to develop recommendations to mitigate identified risks and ensure the long-term security and success of the organization. The recommendations will aim to improve the security posture of Artemis' technical infrastructure and reduce the organization's exposure to vulnerabilities and threats.
The team will work closely with Artemis' leadership to develop a plan to implement the recommendations. The plan will include timelines, budget estimates, and a prioritization of actions based on the severity of the risk. The team will also provide ongoing support and guidance to ensure that the recommendations are implemented effectively.
E. Assumptions:
As part of the technical vulnerability assessment, certain assumptions were made to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the security posture of the organization. These assumptions helped to streamline the assessment process and provide a baseline for the evaluation. The following are the assumptions that were made during this assessment.
All hardware and software systems have been properly configured and maintained.
The assessment assumes that all hardware and software systems within the organization have been properly configured and maintained. This means that all systems are up to date with the latest patches and updates, and that any known vulnerabilities have been addressed. The assumption is important because it ensures that any identified vulnerabilities are new and not a result of any previously known issues.
All employees have completed basic security awareness training.
The assessment assumes that all employees have completed basic security awareness training. This means that all employees have a basic understanding of cybersecurity best practices and can recognize potential security threats. This assumption is important because it ensures that employees are equipped with the knowledge to identify and report any suspicious activity.
No malicious activity has occurred in the past 12 months.
The assessment assumes that no malicious activity has occurred within the organization in the past 12 months. This means that there have been no security breaches or incidents that have compromised the security of the organization's data or infrastructure. This assumption is important because it ensures that any identified vulnerabilities are not a result of any previous attacks.
F. Timeline:
The technical vulnerability assessment was a comprehensive evaluation of the security posture of Artemis' technical infrastructure. The assessment was conducted over a period of four weeks, starting on May 1st, 2023, and ending on May 31st, 2023. The assessment was conducted by a team of cybersecurity experts who used a variety of tools and techniques to identify potential vulnerabilities and threats to the organization's data, operations, and financial stability.
During the four-week assessment, the cybersecurity team evaluated the network security, software and hardware systems, and employee training programs. They identified potential vulnerabilities and threats, analyzed the likelihood and potential impact of these threats, and developed recommendations to mitigate identified risks. The assessment provided valuable insights into the security of the organization's technical infrastructure and helped to ensure the long-term security and success of the organization.
G. Summary of Findings:
The following vulnerabilities and threats were identified during the technical vulnerability assessment:
Unpatched RDP is exposed to the internet.
Description of the vulnerability: Unpatched RDP server is vulnerable to multiple remote code execution vulnerabilities. This means that attackers can exploit these vulnerabilities to take control of the RDP server or to spread malware to other systems on the network.
Operating Systems/Version affected: Windows Server 2008 and newer.
Exploitation: Possible system crash or denial-of-service (DOS).
Risk: Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to take control of the RDP server and move laterally to other systems on the network.
Attack vectors: Launch the attack on internal systems, obtain password hashes, crack passwords, access other systems, move laterally within the systems, and spread malware to other systems on the network.
Block Mechanisms: Firewall, IDS/IPS, antivirus software.
Remediation Action: Apply the latest security patches and updates to the RDP server. Disable RDP access from the internet or restrict access to known IP addresses.
VCSS Score: 9.8 (Critical)
Web application is vulnerable to SQL injection.
Description of the vulnerability: The web application is vulnerable to SQL injection attacks due to the use of unsanitized user input.
Operating Systems/Versions Affected: Any web application that uses a backend database.
Exploitation: Possible data loss, Modification, or Corruption.
Risk: Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to steal or modify sensitive data, such as user credentials or customer information such ass PCI, PII, etc.
Attack vectors: Access to sensitive data, escalated privileges, ability to move laterally within the network.
Block mechanisms: Input validation, server-side parameterized queries.
Password Cracking: NA
Remediation Action: Implement input validation to prevent SQL injection attacks. Use parameterized queries to avoid dynamic SQL statements.
VCSS Scrore: 7.5 (High)
Default password on Cisco admin portal.
Description of the vulnerability: The default password on the Cisco admin portal has not been changed, leaving it vulnerable to unauthorized access.
Operating systems/versions affected: Cisco admin portal.
Exploitation: Unauthorized access, privilege escalation.
Risk: Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to gain access to sensitive information or make unauthorized changes to network configurations.
Attack Vectors: Access sensitive data, escalate privileges, move laterally.
Blocking Mechanisms: Change default passwords, implement strong password policies.
Password Cracking: NA
Remediation Action: Change the default password on the Cisco admin portal to a strong password.
CVSS Score: 5.0 (Medium)
Apache web server vulnerable to CVE-2019-0211
Description of the vulnerability: Apache web server is vulnerable to a remote code execution vulnerability.
Operating systems/versions affected: Apache web server versions 2.4.0 to 2.4.38.
Exploitation: Possible system crash or denial-of-service.
Risk: Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the web server or spread malware to other systems on the network.
Attack Vector: Launch attacks on internal systems, obtain password hashes, crack passwords, access other systems, move laterally within the system, and spread malware to other systems on the network.
Blocking mechanisms: Firewall, IDS/IPS implementation, antivirus software.
Password Cracking: Brute force attack using online tools or password cracking software.
Remediation: Apply the latest security patches and updates to the Apache web server.
CVSS Score: 7.5 (High)
Web server is exposing sensitive data.
Description of the vulnerability: A web server is exposing sensitive data, such as passwords, personal information, or confidential business data, to anyone who can access the server.
Operating Systems/Versions Affected: This vulnerability can affect any web server, regardless of the OS or version.
Exploitation: Attempting to exploit this vulnerability can result in the disclosure of sensitive data, which can lead to reputational damage, loss of trust, legal consequences, and financial losses for the organization. In addition, attackers may use the stolen data for further attacks, such as spear-phishing or identity theft.
Risk: If an attacker successfully exploits this vulnerability, they can obtain sensitive data and use it for malicious purposes. Attack vectors include accessing confidential business data, stealing user credentials, and selling the stolen data on the dark web. J
Blocking Mechanism: To prevent this vulnerability, organizations should implement access controls, such as firewalls, web application firewalls, or VPNs, to limit access to the web server. Additionally, organizations should ensure that sensitive data is encrypted in transition and at rest.
Remediation Action: To remediate this vulnerability, organizations should first identify the sensitive data that is being exposed and remove or secure it. They should also ensure that access controls are properly implemented and that the web server is configured securely. Finally, organizations should perform regular security audits and scans to detect any new vulnerabilities.
CVSS Score: 7.5 (High)
Web application has broken access control.
Description of the vulnerability: A web application has broken access control, meaning that it does not properly restrict access to resources based on user roles or permissions. This can allow unauthorized users to access sensitive data or perform privileged actions.
Operating systems/versions affected: This vulnerability can affect any web application, regardless of the operating system or version.
Exploitation: Attempting to exploit this vulnerability can result in the unauthorized access of sensitive data, such as financial records, personal information, or confidential business data. In addition, attackers may use the stolen data for further attacks, such as identity theft or spear-phishing.
Risk: If an attacker successfully exploits this vulnerability, they can obtain sensitive data and use it for malicious purposes. Attack vectors include accessing confidential business data, stealing user credentials, and performing privileged actions.
Blocking Mechanisms: To prevent this vulnerability, organizations should implement access controls, such as role-based access control (RBAC), attribute-based access control (ABAC), or permission-based access control (PBAC), to restrict access to resources based on user roles or permissions. Additionally, organizations should perform regular security audits and scans to detect any new vulnerabilities.
Remediation action: To remediate this vulnerability, organizations should first identify the access control issues and fix them, either by implementing new access controls or by modifying the existing ones. They should also perform a thorough security review of the web application, including testing for other vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection or cross-site scripting (XSS). Finally, organizations should implement a comprehensive security testing program for all future updates or changes to the web application.
CVSS Score: 7.5 (High)
Oracle WebLogic Server vulnerable to CVE-2020-14882
Description of the vulnerability: Oracle WebLogic Server is vulnerable to CVE-2020-14882, which allows attackers to execute arbitrary code remotely without authentication.
Operating Systems/Versions affected: Oracle WebLogic Server 10.3.6.0.0, 12.1.3.0.0, 12.2.1.3.0, 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.1.0.0 are affected.
Exploitation: Attempting to exploit this vulnerability could crash the server or cause a denial of service. There is also a risk of unauthorized access to sensitive information, such as user credentials.
Risk: Upon successful exploitation, an attacker could take control of the server and access sensitive data, modify or delete files, install malware or ransomware, and use the server as a launching pad for further attacks against the network.
Attack Vectors: Attackers can use various attack vectors to exploit this vulnerability, such as using a specially crafted HTTP request, exploiting a vulnerable plugin or application running on the server, or leveraging an unsecured network service running on the server.
Potential blocking mechanism: Blocking mechanisms such as web application firewalls, IDS/IPS, and antivirus software can help mitigate the risk of exploitation. To bypass these mechanisms, attackers may try to obfuscate their attacks or use evasion techniques.
Password cracking: Password cracking may not be relevant for this vulnerability.
Remediation actions: To remediate this vulnerability, organizations should apply the latest security patches and updates from Oracle. They should also implement best practices for securing their web servers, such as disabling unnecessary services, configuring proper access controls, and monitoring for suspicious activity.
CVSS Score: 9.8 (Critical)
H. Recommendations:
To mitigate the identified risks, the following recommendations are proposed:
Upgrade all outdated software and hardware systems to the latest versions.
Implement secure network infrastructure, including firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems, and VPNs.
Develop and implement employee training programs to ensure all staff are aware of security protocols and procedures.
Regularly update and test disaster recovery and business continuity plans.
Conduct regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing to identify and mitigate new and emerging risks.
In conclusion, the technical vulnerability assessment has identified several vulnerabilities and threats to Artemis' technical infrastructure, which could result in the compromise of confidential data, disruption of business operations, and financial losses. The recommendations presented in this report are essential to ensuring the long-term security and success of the organization. It is crucial that Artemis takes action on these recommendations to mitigate the identified risks and safeguard the company's reputation and financial stability.
Executive Summary
Artemis is facing significant business risks due to a number of vulnerabilities and threats in its technical infrastructure. These risks include the potential compromise of confidential data, disruption of business operations, and financial losses.
The vulnerabilities identified include outdated software and hardware, unsecured network infrastructure, and a lack of staff training in security protocols. The threats identified include cyberattacks such as phishing and malware, as well as physical security risks such as theft or vandalism.
To address these risks, Artemis should take the following steps:
Conduct a comprehensive risk assessment to identify all vulnerabilities and threats.
Upgrade outdated software and hardware to the latest versions.
Implement secure network infrastructure, including firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems, and VPNs.
Implement employee training programs to ensure that all staff are aware of security protocols and procedures.
Regularly update and test disaster recovery and business continuity plans.
It is critical that Artemis takes these steps to mitigate the risks to the organization's data, operations, and financial stability. Failure to do so could result in significant damage to the company's reputation and long-term viability.
Visual communication tools, such as graphs and charts, have been used to illustrate the severity of the risks identified. In the graphs and charts used, red indicates high risk, yellow indicates medium risk, and green indicates low risk.
Overall, the recommendations presented in this report should provide Artemis with a clear roadmap to addressing the vulnerabilities and threats identified and ensuring the long-term security and success of the organization.
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